[SERVER] Install VNC Server on Ubuntu Server

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b>[1] Install VNC Server to operate Ubuntu with GUI from remote Windows client.</b><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">root@dlp:~# aptitude -y install vnc4server<br />root@dlp:~# su - narwhal<br /><br /><b># switch to a user who set VNC</b><br />narwhal@dlp:~$ vncpasswd<br /><br /><b># set VNC password</b><br />Password:<br /><br /><b># any password you like to set</b><br />Verify:<br />narwhal@dlp:~$ vncserver :1<br /><br /><b># start</b><br />xauth: file /home/narwhal/.Xauthority does not exist<br />New 'dlp:1 (narwhal)' desktop is dlp:1<br />Creating default startup script /home/narwhal/.vnc/xstartup<br />Starting applications specified in /home/narwhal/.vnc/xstartup<br />Log file is /home/narwhal/.vnc/dlp:1.log<br />narwhal@dlp:~$ vncserver -kill :1<br /><br /><b># stop</b><br />Killing Xvnc4 process ID 10540<br />narwhal@dlp:~$ vi .vnc/xstartup<br /><br /><b># add follows</b><br />exec gnome-session &<br /><br /><b># start with diplay number '1', screen resolution '800x600', color depth '24'</b><br />narwhal@dlp:~$ vncserver :1 -geometry 800x600 -depth 24<br />New 'dlp:1 (narwhal)' desktop is dlp:1<br />Starting applications specified in /home/narwhal/.vnc/xstartup<br />Log file is /home/narwhal/.vnc/dlp:1.log</blockquote><b>[2] Install VNC viewer on client computer next. Download from the site below to install.</b><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><a href="http://www.realvnc.com/products/free/4.1/download.html">http://www.realvnc.com/products/free/4.1/download.html</a><br />Start VNC viewer after installing. Then following scrren is shown. Input [(Server's hostname or IP address):(display number)] like following example.</blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJHK8tOJUei-J4aCxSZFZPsgLGUBYx58v2J65bOheSsSahLjCB7fcRwE6GU6AUObsiLk5aGAQteioQlnqnC_t5-JJabQoVyAQypdydA3PsB3VX5Ab3yTQZySkLN45oioAPPhhSSJFosiQ/s1600/vnc1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJHK8tOJUei-J4aCxSZFZPsgLGUBYx58v2J65bOheSsSahLjCB7fcRwE6GU6AUObsiLk5aGAQteioQlnqnC_t5-JJabQoVyAQypdydA3PsB3VX5Ab3yTQZySkLN45oioAPPhhSSJFosiQ/s320/vnc1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b>[3] Password is required. Input VNC password you set in the section [1]. </b><br /><b><br /></b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_98Oh6iBsu0UqxK8vCoLc8Ve6l34yPqfmRQAwFVZPIip18tiqiX3OJQyQ_Y3OijVVl4hLpHDETW_vwLLP4O2MuHQprHFYV-8zHzMZFad0a_VOgIXJTE-qltHdIKukZyZDGrN3PazSMQ/s1600/vnc2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="97" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_98Oh6iBsu0UqxK8vCoLc8Ve6l34yPqfmRQAwFVZPIip18tiqiX3OJQyQ_Y3OijVVl4hLpHDETW_vwLLP4O2MuHQprHFYV-8zHzMZFad0a_VOgIXJTE-qltHdIKukZyZDGrN3PazSMQ/s320/vnc2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b>[4] Just connected. </b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaDGHj-xf_mkxEf9STQHrh-ZZBwQCApzp4y-CQmi_Q2gaConzZor-WoZrroVG5rv1pUqp5rbE6JQ4ufPjmvJItNiDtmqrD9aCGxOaCyLrzPbTTyqh6nhbQhhr4NitnSYy4T0585fRIIM/s1600/vnc3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaDGHj-xf_mkxEf9STQHrh-ZZBwQCApzp4y-CQmi_Q2gaConzZor-WoZrroVG5rv1pUqp5rbE6JQ4ufPjmvJItNiDtmqrD9aCGxOaCyLrzPbTTyqh6nhbQhhr4NitnSYy4T0585fRIIM/s320/vnc3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div>

[SERVER] Install VNC Server on Ubuntu Server

[1] Install VNC Server to operate Ubuntu with GUI from remote Windows client. root@dlp:~# aptitude -y install vnc4server root@dlp:~# su - na...

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[SERVER] Install PHP on Ubuntu Server

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinQu1nHcxbR2syDUO8a9PSrXkMVhtQbMfzs6NXxYfD2ETGWApSFKPtgB4pOY0TZcxVmPpu9hPFPG_bYsMUwlcANUpa9Qwk49vQFfWaLEdf1GYNBo9AIB-hVnlEScbGzzdI38VqfKiMvI8/s1600/install-php5%5B10%5D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinQu1nHcxbR2syDUO8a9PSrXkMVhtQbMfzs6NXxYfD2ETGWApSFKPtgB4pOY0TZcxVmPpu9hPFPG_bYsMUwlcANUpa9Qwk49vQFfWaLEdf1GYNBo9AIB-hVnlEScbGzzdI38VqfKiMvI8/s320/install-php5%5B10%5D.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><br /><b>[1] Install PHP</b><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">root@www:~# aptitude -y install php5 php5-cgi libapache2-mod-php5 php5-common php-pear<br />root@www:~# vi /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mime.conf<br /><br /># near line 219: add extension for PHP<br />AddHandler php5-script .php<br />root@www:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart<br /><br />* Restarting web server apache2<br />... waiting ...done.</blockquote><b>[2] Create a PHP test page and access to it with web browser. It's OK if following page is shown.</b><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">root@www:~# vi /var/www/index.php<br /><br /><html><br /><body><br /><div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"><br /><?php<br />print Date("Y/m/d");<br />?><br /></div><br /></body><br /></html></blockquote></div>

[SERVER] Install PHP on Ubuntu Server

[1] Install PHP root@www:~# aptitude -y install php5 php5-cgi libapache2-mod-php5 php5-common php-pear root@www:~# vi /etc/apache2/mods-enab...

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[SERVER] Configure Squid3 as a Reverse Proxy on Ubuntu Server

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy4_74pBWtEIXQUrpZVoZJO6b1-D5G_FpLGJFemaoGJkpYgaoEDEzVhKWINpHoKZAJw3-hgRS4SxvqR1mpMqB5gPcNKRdpe4gYEguvBaQM1hH2Qk3kmZ4cKM3LYg3FlEj0eF8WEyUFJdQ/s1600/squid3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy4_74pBWtEIXQUrpZVoZJO6b1-D5G_FpLGJFemaoGJkpYgaoEDEzVhKWINpHoKZAJw3-hgRS4SxvqR1mpMqB5gPcNKRdpe4gYEguvBaQM1hH2Qk3kmZ4cKM3LYg3FlEj0eF8WEyUFJdQ/s320/squid3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><b>[1] Install Squid </b></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b>root@lan:~#</b><br />aptitude -y install squid3<br /><br /><b>root@lan:~#</b><br />vi /etc/squid3/squid.conf<br /> </blockquote><blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;">acl CONNECT method CONNECT<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b># line 706: define ACL for internal</b>acl lan src 10.0.0.0/24<br />http_access allow localhost<br /><b> </b></div></blockquote><blockquote><b># line 830: add (set ACL for internal)</b><br />http_access allow lan<br /><br /><b># line 1117: change</b><br />http_port<br />8080<br /><br /><b># line 3368: add follows</b><br />request_header_access Referer deny all<br />request_header_access X-Forwarded-For deny all<br />request_header_access Via deny all<br />request_header_access Cache-Control deny all<br /><br /><b># line 3653: add (define hostname)</b><br />visible_hostname lan.server.world<br /><br /><b># forwarded_for on</b><br /><b># line 5384:: add (hide IP address)</b><br />forwarded_for off<br /><br /><b>root@lan:~#</b><br />/etc/init.d/squid3 restart<br /><br />* Restarting Squid HTTP Proxy 3.x squid3<br />* Waiting...<br />...done.<br />* Creating Squid HTTP Proxy 3.x cache structure<br />2011/05/05 03:31:41| Creating Swap Directories<br />...done.</blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>[2] Start Web browser on your client PC. This is the example on Internet Explorer 9. Select [Tools] - [Internet Options] and move to [Connections] tab like below.</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br />[3] Check 'use a proxy' and input server's hostname and port number set in the section [1]. Then, you can access to internet through proxy server.</b></div></div>

[SERVER] Configure Squid3 as a Reverse Proxy on Ubuntu Server

[1] Install Squid root@lan:~# aptitude -y install squid3 root@lan:~# vi /etc/squid3/squid.conf   acl CONNECT method CONNECT   # line 706: de...

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[SERVER] Configure SSL di Ubuntu Server

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN5sX7qYFhd94KocfvxuvnRFC2EzNhL3SPzbcs0xhpCxr_Uxhh33_TtmyRYqmtgpumSC4kUKi5gJHF5y0ShJUxvf6KJ8QgI0ON03ucWifwdv9hrwUYU9rTKYUBhKb6lCPTgZB_a-oC9m4/s1600/SSL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN5sX7qYFhd94KocfvxuvnRFC2EzNhL3SPzbcs0xhpCxr_Uxhh33_TtmyRYqmtgpumSC4kUKi5gJHF5y0ShJUxvf6KJ8QgI0ON03ucWifwdv9hrwUYU9rTKYUBhKb6lCPTgZB_a-oC9m4/s320/SSL.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>[1] Create certificates first. See here.<br />[2] Configure SSL </b></div><blockquote class="tr_bq">root@www:~#<br />vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl<br /><br /># line 3: change to webmaster's email<br />ServerAdmin<br />webmaster@mr-ekoapriadi.net<br /><br /># line 11,12: change<br />Options FollowSymLinks<br />ExecCGI<br /><br />AllowOverride<br />All<br /><br /># line 51,52: change<br />SSLCertificateFile<br />/etc/ssl/private/server.crt<br /><br />SSLCertificateKeyFile<br />/etc/ssl/private/server.key<br /><br />root@www:~#<br />a2ensite default-ssl<br /><br />Enabling site default-ssl.<br />Run '/etc/init.d/apache2 reload' to activate new configuration!<br />root@www:~#<br />a2enmod ssl<br /><br />Enabling module ssl.<br />See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz on how to configure SSL and create self-signed certificates.<br />Run '/etc/init.d/apache2 restart' to activate new configuration!<br />root@www:~#<br />/etc/init.d/apache2 restart<br /><br />* Restarting web server apache2<br />... waiting ...done.</blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><b></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>[3] Access to the test page with https. Following window is shown because Certification File is made by yourdelf, it's no ploblem, Click Ok to proceed. </b></div></div>

[SERVER] Configure SSL di Ubuntu Server

[1] Create certificates first. See here. [2] Configure SSL root@www:~# vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # line 3: change to webma...

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[CCBoot] Setting Diskless Boot Software for Windows

<h1 style="text-align: justify;"></h1><ol style="text-align: justify;" type="I"><li> <h3> Diskless Boot Technology Background </h3><em>Diskless boot</em> is a technology based on IP (Internet Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol). It requires two computers: diskless boot server and client. The client is a computer you want to diskless boot up on LAN, while the server is a combination of DHCP server and TFTP server. It responds requests from diskless stations over network, allocates IP addresses via DHCP for them, pushes necessary data to these stations so that they can boot on LAN even without a harddisk. CCBoot support <strong>diskless internet cafe </strong>and<strong> diskless solution cybercafe.</strong><br /> <br /> If using <em>diskless boot</em> solution, the boot process is as bellow: <br /> <ol><li> Power on, </li><li> Load BIOS, </li><li> PXE stack built-in the NIC (Network Information Center), </li><li> Download NBP (Network Boot Program) from server to client's RAM by TFTP, </li><li> NBP's responsibility to perform the next step (a.k.a. 2nd stage boot). </li></ol>As an administrator responsible for a network of about dozens of computers or more, <strong>Diskless boot</strong> program will drastically reduce your daily workload. If you want to install or upgrade various softwares for all computers in the network, you just need to do it one time and all computers can get changed. It can also bring you enhanced Disaster Recovery solutions, all computers will get into a clean OS after reboot.<br /> <br /> <strong>Benifits of Diskless Boot Solution</strong><br /> <ul><li> Reduce initial capital and implementation costs, reduce power and cooling requirements, reduce complexity and risk. </li><li> Accelerate deployments, upgrades, and server repurposing. </li><li> Implement enhanced Disaster Recovery solutions. </li></ul><br /> </li><li> <h3> Using CCBoot to Build a Diskless Boot Server </h3><ol type="A"><li> <strong>Install Diskless Boot Server with CCBoot - An all-in-one Diskless Boot Software</strong><br /> Download diskless boot software - CCBoot server installation package from - <a href="http://www.ccboot.com/download.htm" target="_blank">http://www.ccboot.com/download.htm</a>.<br /> Launch ccbootsetup.exe on the diskless boot server and keep press the next button to the end. <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-1.jpg" /><br /> Figure 1 <br /> CCBoot will use the following ports - 67 (DHCP), 69 (TFTP), 3260 (iSCSI), 1000 (Image Upload), 8001 (Service Control). You need to open these ports in the firewall of the diskless boot server. Since CCBoot v2.1, you also need to open port 66. V2.1 uses port 66 as DHCP backup.<br /> <br /> <strong>Note:</strong> Please shut down the other DHCP services on the LAN especially the DHCP service in the router.<br /> <br /> Launch CCBoot and you will get the main interface as bellow: <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-2.jpg" /><br /> Figure 2 <br /> </li><li> <strong>Initialize the Diskless Boot Server<br /> Demo Environment</strong><br /> Server IP: 192.168.1.10<br /> Gateway: 192.168.1.1<br /> DNS Address: 192.168.1.1<br /> IP Mask: 255.255.255.0<br /> DHCP Range: 192.168.1.101-192.168.1.254<br /> <br /> Launch the diskless boot software - CCBoot, menu "Options" -> "Options Wizard" and configure step by step as bellow:<br /> <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-3.jpg" /><br /> Figure 3 <br /> You need to select the correct local IP address as "DHCP Server IP". Press "Scan DHCP" to check if there are other DHCP services on the LAN. You need to stop other DHCP services on the LAN.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-4.jpg" /><br /> Figure 4 <br /> Set "Server IP Address". Normally, it’s the same as "DHCP Server IP". <br /> Set "Write-back File Path" and "Image Save Path" as you want.<br /> <br /> "Write-back File Path" is used to store the diskless booted clients’ write-back data. You’d better use a big volume hard disk as "Write-back File Path". This disk should be formatted as NTFS and 64K bytes per cluster. <br /> <br /> "Image Save Path" is used to store the boot images. This disk should be also formatted as NTFS and 64K bytes per cluster. You’d better use a fast speed hard disk as "Image Save Path". For example, use an SAS hard disk.<br /> <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-5.jpg" /><br /> Figure 5 <br /> Keep default values in "Server Cache Settings".<br /> <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/installserver-6.jpg" /><br /> Figure 6 <br /> Keep default values in "Other Settings". Press the "Finish" button and confirm the popup dialog box.<br /> <br /> </li><li> <strong>Create Image for Diskless Boot Windows XP</strong><br /> To diskless boot Windows XP over network with the diskless boot software - CCBoot, we first of all need to create a system image and here're the steps - <br /> <ol><li> Choose one client PC as master PC used to create diskless boot image. Attach a hard disk on the PC. </li><li> Delete all partitions first. Allocate a small MBR partition about 40G size and leave the rest unallocated. Format the 40G partition with NTFS. Install Windows XP and the latest SP into this partition. </li><li> After complete Windows installation, open the local area connection network properties and configure as bellow: <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp1.jpg" /><br /> Figure 7 <br /> Click "Properties". <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp2.jpg" /><br /> Figure 8 <br /> Select "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" and click "Properties". <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp3.jpg" /><br /> Figure 9 <br /> Select "Obtain an IP address automatically" and "Obtain DNS server address automatically", then click "OK" to save. </li><li> On the CCBoot diskless boot server you will find a client in the client list (Figure 10) that was added by CCBoot automatically when the client PC got IP address from the CCBoot DHCP service. <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp4.jpg" /><br /> Figure 10 <br /> </li><li> Double click the client to edit and check both "Enable Upload Image" and "Keep Write-back File" (Figure 11), when press "save" button it will ask you "Are you sure to delete write-back file?" Just press "No". <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp5.jpg" /><br /> Figure 11 <br /> </li><li> Download CCBoot client installation package from: <a href="http://www.ccboot.com/download.htm" target="_blank">http://www.ccboot.com/download.htm</a>. Launch ccbootsetupclient.exe and keep press the next button to the end. Then launch CCBoot client and you will see the main interface as bellow (Figure 12). <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp6.jpg" /><br /> Figure 12 <br /> </li><li> Press the "Install CCBoot Client" button. After finished, it will require reboot system. Reboot the client PC. </li><li> After reboot, launch CCBootClient again, input the correct "Server IP address", it should be the IP address of the PC on which CCBoot server has been located. Input the image file name as you want in the "Image File Name". Press the "Upload Image" button to upload the image to the CCBoot server. Then CCBoot will create an image in the server "Image Save Path". <br /> <br /> <strong>Note:</strong> CCBoot supports two types image file format. It supports VMDK if you are using Windows 2003 as CCBoot server system. It will support both VMDK and VHD if you are using Windows 7 or Windows 2008. As you can see in Figure 12, the file format depends on what you have set for "Image File Name". For example, "XP01.vmdk" and "XP01.vhd".<br /> <br /> </li></ol></li><li> <strong>Diskless Boot Windows XP on LAN</strong><br /> <ol><li> On CCBoot diskless boot server, double click PC101 (Figure 10) to open the master PC’s properties dialog box, uncheck "Enable Upload Image" and "Keep Write-back File". </li><li> Remove the HDD from the master PC, set it firstly boot from LAN (or network, PXE rom, or some similar settings) in BIOS settings so that it will start network boot to diskless boot Windows XP.(Figure 13). <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp9.jpg" /><br /> Figure 13 <br /> </li><li> The first time you diskless boot Windows XP on the master PC, you can modify its computer name (Figure 14). <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp10.jpg" /><br /> Figure 14 <br /> Set the computer name as you wish then press enter key to boot it (Figure 15). <img alt="" src="http://www.ccboot.com/upload/bootxp11.jpg" /><br /> Figure 15 <br /> </li><li> On CCBoot server, "Options" -> "Settings" -> "Default Client Settings" -> "Disk Group" -> press the ">>" button, select "XP01.vmdk" as the default boot image in "System Image Selection" section. </li><li> Do the same as Step 2 and Step 3 for other client PCs with the same specifications as the master PC to diskless boot Windows XP for them. </li></ol><br /> </li><li> <strong>Diskless Boot Windows 7 and Vista</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.ccboot.com/boot-windows-7.htm" target="_blank"><u>Diskless boot Windows 7 step by step.</u></a><br /> <a href="http://www.ccboot.com/boot-vista.htm" target="_blank"><u>Diskless boot Vista step by step.</u></a><u>  </u></li></ol></li></ol>

[CCBoot] Setting Diskless Boot Software for Windows

Diskless Boot Technology Background Diskless boot is a technology based on IP (Internet Protocol), UDP (User...

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[WINDOWS] Setting diskclass windows

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaw1Y0VjCsLndR8vy-hEM5-DoRRfW2bnFqaUcTEG3QuTXpy5M8ZE_2gHyuxu4Vl0AR9RnEXcYC7eapZe8vN0jPNBj4Z61-JFvxDDhPCexCj7VTNVw1O60X2wtuem0NJeH_XCWYScrQ2rM/s1600/diskless-solution1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaw1Y0VjCsLndR8vy-hEM5-DoRRfW2bnFqaUcTEG3QuTXpy5M8ZE_2gHyuxu4Vl0AR9RnEXcYC7eapZe8vN0jPNBj4Z61-JFvxDDhPCexCj7VTNVw1O60X2wtuem0NJeH_XCWYScrQ2rM/s320/diskless-solution1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Welcome to definitive Guide ( how-to ) to Boot Windows from AoE with Freeware software to your company network.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />This How-to allows a diskless boot of either Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7 / 8, or Windows 2008 from an AoE target machine remotely located over a standard IP network. It’s also known as network boot or lan boot. Diskless boot makes it possible for computers to be operated without a local disk. The diskless computer is connected to a hard drive over a network and boots up an operating system from a remotely located machine. AoE is the convergence of the rapidly emerging AoE protocol with PXE diskless boot technology. Thus it’s also called PXE boot.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfPCcPHVCkLXwFEmhPY5b_ZJZyNg8cI6f686RKZHfkAbwJFU2kCSfmenx0-SF-WM_U3orIxEuC9dMIT_FDPjWFfaKVT5JttqfxMZsBMEsd2GeT82p05IqUM3w4eRD-lv9M67fwqMki1Q/s1600/front1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfPCcPHVCkLXwFEmhPY5b_ZJZyNg8cI6f686RKZHfkAbwJFU2kCSfmenx0-SF-WM_U3orIxEuC9dMIT_FDPjWFfaKVT5JttqfxMZsBMEsd2GeT82p05IqUM3w4eRD-lv9M67fwqMki1Q/s320/front1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />The How-To offers a seamless diskless boot on LAN. Eliminating the need for a local hard drive opens a wide range of possibilities for network management. Using this configuration, the disks for many network computers can be centrally managed, thereby facilitating backup, redundancy, and dynamic allocation of valuable storage resources while at the same time reducing cost to the enterprise.<br /><br />Booting from AoE makes system administration considerably easier. Freeing a server of its boot volume allows administrators to manage investments in their AoE SANs, attaining improved data security, integrity and recovery, higher availability, quicker server deployment & repurposing, and more efficient utilization of storage resources.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span id="goog_1050176810"></span><span id="goog_1050176811"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRtzkM28EGtggHL3WAndpfOoLpymXWOXYDqIuM4OnZ5DtRLQotwHv9oqSYWGlM1pI50WkK6g22rJGIL3DwnJYIuuGLwB-Rn-VlLFDFV71S44E7noapVAcOHh7YncSlD8DTYT3T0rQwvmA/s1600/animgif.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRtzkM28EGtggHL3WAndpfOoLpymXWOXYDqIuM4OnZ5DtRLQotwHv9oqSYWGlM1pI50WkK6g22rJGIL3DwnJYIuuGLwB-Rn-VlLFDFV71S44E7noapVAcOHh7YncSlD8DTYT3T0rQwvmA/s1600/animgif.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />AoE vblade supports .ISO, .IMG, .VHD and .VMDK formats. The AoE has lower overhead than iSCSI targets providing for you a very good performance, even better than computers with hard disk.This solution can be used for Internet cafes, computer labs, hotels, testing organizations, computer rooms in schools, and even offices.<br /><br />Diskless Windows with fast and free software that work !<br /><br /><b>Benifits:</b></div><ul><li>Significantly reduce initial capital and implementation costs.</li><li>Reduce power and cooling requirements.</li><li>Accelerate deployments, upgrades, and server repurposing.</li><li>Reduce complexity and risk.</li><li>Improve critical system availability.</li><li>Implement enhanced Disaster Recovery solutions.</li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>

[WINDOWS] Setting diskclass windows

Welcome to definitive Guide ( how-to ) to Boot Windows from AoE with Freeware software to your company network. This How-to allows a diskles...

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[JASA SETTING ONLINE] Mikrotik | Proxy

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpM9wvSdYH4jON47MeswE1FWbRyE2GJzTyUNXdE1elUyu2HkspQH2Rj4mFKusDSUADTyU5z9TRjdK27-wZ61lsd_Pis6M595E1J509VOoQkbX8N4z0BtKcXo3GXFbRISmns479QvipxSQ/s1600/jasa.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpM9wvSdYH4jON47MeswE1FWbRyE2GJzTyUNXdE1elUyu2HkspQH2Rj4mFKusDSUADTyU5z9TRjdK27-wZ61lsd_Pis6M595E1J509VOoQkbX8N4z0BtKcXo3GXFbRISmns479QvipxSQ/s320/jasa.png" width="320" /></a></div><b><span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="color: #990000;">DAFTAR PAKET :</span></b><br /><blockquote>Mikrotik Load Balancing 2 Line + Routing Mark + Proxy Squid Lusca High Peforma : Rp.800.000 <a href="ymsgr:sendIM?mr.ekoapriadi">PESAN</a> / <span style="color: red;"><b>+6282376222119</b></span><blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>Mikrotik Load Balancing 3-4 Line + Routing Mark + Proxy Squid Lusca High Peforma: Rp.1.000.000 <a href="ymsgr:sendIM?mr.ekoapriadi">PESAN</a> / <span style="color: #006600;"><b>+6282376222119</b></span></blockquote><blockquote>Mikrotik Load Balancing 5-7 Line + Routing Mark + Proxy Squid Lusca High Peforma: Rp.1.250.000 <a href="ymsgr:sendIM?mr.ekoapriadi">PESAN</a> / <span style="color: #000099;"><b>+6282376222119</b></span></blockquote><span style="color: #ff9966;"><b><span style="color: #666666;">NB:</span> <span style="color: #993399;">GARANSI PEMELIHARAAN 3 BULAN </span></b></span></div>

[JASA SETTING ONLINE] Mikrotik | Proxy

DAFTAR PAKET : Mikrotik Load Balancing 2 Line + Routing Mark + Proxy Squid Lusca High Peforma : Rp.800.000 PESAN / +6282376222119 Mikro...

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[SERVER] Install Postfix 2.9.6

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDs6dKc_gdqiivn0PfAkH5o5r0eEMrToHehTHstqRLjOha9tQjlLgopsl7xAuEv50QLr3r9MzODl1x3_4U3R6w1pcG_gi0yU3kU3qd2D5MGhq7OGQTJa0bSyqG1DqeBnf4edFxMtLA4YE/s1600/postfix.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDs6dKc_gdqiivn0PfAkH5o5r0eEMrToHehTHstqRLjOha9tQjlLgopsl7xAuEv50QLr3r9MzODl1x3_4U3R6w1pcG_gi0yU3kU3qd2D5MGhq7OGQTJa0bSyqG1DqeBnf4edFxMtLA4YE/s1600/postfix.gif" /></a></div><div class="tr_bq"><br /></div><div class="tr_bq">This tutorial shows you how to install Postfix (2.9.6) with Dovecot (2.0.19) and the manage tool Vimbadmin (2.2.2) on Ubuntu Server 12.04.</div><br />Perform all actions as root!<br /><br />Checks<br />Hostname<br />You should check that your server has a valid fqdn hostname (complete with the domain part):<br /><br />hostname --fqd<br />If you get something like “localhost” or “mail” it’s not ok and you have to do some work on /etc/hosts and /etc/hostname<br /><br />Time zone<br />Check your time with the command:<br /><br />date<br />and eventually adjust the time zone as needed (this is important for logging and mail):<br /><br />dpkg-reconfigure tzdata<br />Installation<br />System<br />apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd dovecot-mysql dovecot-sieve dovecot-managesieved bcrypt<br />Vimbadmin<br />https://github.com/opensolutions/ViMbAdmin/wiki/Install-using-git<br /><br />Make sure that you set the same uid and guid in application.ini as in Postfix with these lines:<br /><br />defaults.mailbox.uid = 5000<br />defaults.mailbox.gid = 5000<br />Change the mailbox home directory:<br /><br />defaults.mailbox.homedir = "/var/vmail/"<br />Besides these changes, configure the salt(s) and other settings in this file to suit your needs.<br /><br />Configuration<br />Postfix<br />nano /etc/postfix/main.cf<br />Add to the bottom:<br /><br />virtual_uid_maps = static:5000<br />virtual_gid_maps = static:5000<br />virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-aliases.cf<br />virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-domains.cf<br />virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-mailboxes.cf<br />Add the following below the smtpd lines. This allows the use of SASL (Simple Authentication And Security Layer), so email clients like thunderbird are allowed to send mail with this mail server if the credentials are correct.<br /><br />smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes<br />smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes<br />broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes<br />smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes<br />smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot<br />smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth<br />smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous, noplaintext<br />smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous<br />smtpd_recipient_restrictions =<br />    permit_mynetworks,<br />    permit_sasl_authenticated,<br />    reject_unauth_destination,<br />    reject_invalid_hostname,<br />    reject_unauth_pipelining,<br />    reject_non_fqdn_sender,<br />    reject_unknown_sender_domain,<br />    reject_non_fqdn_recipient,<br />    reject_unknown_recipient_domain,<br />    reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org,<br />    permit<br />Create the following files so that postfix uses the MySQL database and tables that Vimbadmin uses. For more information see https://github.com/opensolutions/ViMbAdmin/wiki/Postfix-and-MySQL-Integration.<br /><br />Create a MySQL folder:<br /><br />mkdir /etc/postfix/mysql<br />Create /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-aliases.cf<br /><br />nano /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-aliases.cf<br />user = vimbadmin<br />password = password<br />hosts = 127.0.0.1<br />dbname = vimbadmin<br />query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address = '%s' AND active = '1'<br />Create /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-domains.cf<br /><br />nano /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-domains.cf<br />user = vimbadmin<br />password = password<br />hosts = 127.0.0.1<br />dbname = vimbadmin<br />query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain = '%s' AND backupmx = '0' AND active = '1'<br />Create /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-mailboxes.cf<br /><br />nano /etc/postfix/mysql/virtual-mailboxes.cf<br />user = vimbadmin<br />password = password<br />hosts = 127.0.0.1<br />dbname = vimbadmin<br />query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%s' AND active = '1'<br />For further advanced configuration see https://github.com/opensolutions/ViMbAdmin/wiki/Config-Files-for-full-domain-aliasing.<br /><br />When Postfix receive an e-mail it will send it to another software: “Dovecot”. Dovecot will then manage the IMAP and POP3 services for the users. Tell Postfix to do this by adding the following line at the end of the file /etc/postfix/master.cf.<br /><br />nano /etc/postfix/master.cf<br />dovecot   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}<br />And specify a few more options in the config file (/etc/postfix/main.cf) by executing:<br /><br />postconf -e virtual_transport=dovecot<br />postconf -e dovecot_destination_recipient_limit=1<br />Restart postfix<br /><br />service postfix restart<br />Dovecot<br />Dovecot can do several things for use. Get emails from Postfix and save them to disk, watch quotas (how much space a user may use on the servers disk), execute user-based “sieve” filter rules (can be used to put away emails to different folders), allow users to fetch emails using POP3 or IMAP. Create a user and a group just for storing emails (choose a free uid/gid):<br /><br />groupadd -g 5000 vmail<br />useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/vmail -m<br />Set protocols that may be used in the dovecot configuration file:<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf<br />protocols = imap pop3<br />Set mail location:<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf<br />mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir<br />Configure authentication:<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf<br />Set authentication mechanisms to:<br /><br />auth_mechanisms = plain login<br />Comment the following line:<br /><br />#!include auth-system.conf.ext<br />And add to the bottom:<br /><br />passdb {<br />    driver = sql<br />    args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf<br />}<br />userdb {<br />    driver = static<br />    args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/var/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes<br />}<br />The “allow_all_users=yes” setting means that it is not necessary for Dovecot to check if a certain user exists. We can do that because Postfix has already ensured (in the virtual_mailbox_maps query) that the users existed before their email was handed over to Dovecot’s “deliver” agent.<br /><br />Set authentication service:<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf<br />service auth {<br />  # auth_socket_path points to this userdb socket by default. It's typically<br />  # used by dovecot-lda, doveadm, possibly imap process, etc. Its default<br />  # permissions make it readable only by root, but you may need to relax these<br />  # permissions. Users that have access to this socket are able to get a list<br />  # of all usernames and get results of everyone's userdb lookups.<br />  unix_listener auth-userdb {<br />    mode = 0600<br />    user = vmail<br />    group = vmail<br />  }<br /><br />  # Postfix smtp-auth<br />  unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {<br />    mode = 0660<br />    user = postfix<br />    group = postfix<br />  }<br /><br />  # Auth process is run as this user.<br />  #user = $default_internal_user<br />}<br />Set Dovecot LDA (Local Delivery Agent):<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-lda.conf<br />protocol lda {<br />    postmaster_address = postmaster@example.com<br />    mail_plugins = sieve<br />    auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb<br />    log_path = /var/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log<br />}<br />Set log path:<br /><br />nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-logging.conf<br />log_path = /var/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log<br />The log file can become quite large, so let the system rotate the log file.<br /><br />nano /etc/logrotate.d/dovecot-deliver<br />/var/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log {<br />    weekly<br />    rotate 14<br />    compress<br />}<br />Set the correct SQL settings:<br /><br />cp /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf<br />nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf<br />Paste:<br /><br /><blockquote># This file is opened as root, so it should be owned by root and mode 0600.<br />#<br /># http://wiki2.dovecot.org/AuthDatabase/SQL<br />#<br /># For the sql passdb module, you'll need a database with a table that<br /># contains fields for at least the username and password. If you want to<br /># use the user@domain syntax, you might want to have a separate domain<br /># field as well.<br />#<br /># If your users all have the same uig/gid, and have predictable home<br /># directories, you can use the static userdb module to generate the home<br /># dir based on the username and domain. In this case, you won't need fields<br /># for home, uid, or gid in the database.<br />#<br /># If you prefer to use the sql userdb module, you'll want to add fields<br /># for home, uid, and gid. Here is an example table:<br />#<br /># CREATE TABLE users (<br />#     username VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,<br />#     domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,<br />#     password VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,<br />#     home VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,<br />#     uid INTEGER NOT NULL,<br />#     gid INTEGER NOT NULL,<br />#     active CHAR(1) DEFAULT 'Y' NOT NULL<br /># );<br /># Database driver: mysql, pgsql, sqlite<br />driver = mysql<br /># Database connection string. This is driver-specific setting.<br />#<br /># HA / round-robin load-balancing is supported by giving multiple host<br /># settings, like: host=sql1.host.org host=sql2.host.org<br />#<br /># pgsql:<br />#   For available options, see the PostgreSQL documention for the<br />#   PQconnectdb function of libpq.<br />#   Use maxconns=n (default 5) to change how many connections Dovecot can<br />#   create to pgsql.<br />#<br /># mysql:<br />#   Basic options emulate PostgreSQL option names:<br />#     host, port, user, password, dbname<br />#<br />#   But also adds some new settings:<br />#     client_flags        - See MySQL manual<br />#     ssl_ca, ssl_ca_path - Set either one or both to enable SSL<br />#     ssl_cert, ssl_key   - For sending client-side certificates to server<br />#     ssl_cipher          - Set minimum allowed cipher security (default: HIGH)<br />#     option_file         - Read options from the given file instead of<br />#                           the default my.cnf location<br />#     option_group        - Read options from the given group (default: client)<br />#<br />#   You can connect to UNIX sockets by using host: host=/var/run/mysql.sock<br />#   Note that currently you can't use spaces in parameters.<br />#<br /># sqlite:<br />#   The path to the database file.<br />#<br /># Examples:<br />#   connect = host=192.168.1.1 dbname=users<br />#   connect = host=sql.example.com dbname=virtual user=virtual password=blarg<br />#   connect = /etc/dovecot/authdb.sqlite<br />#<br />connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=vimbadmin user=vimbadmin password=yourpassword<br /># Default password scheme.<br />#<br /># List of supported schemes is in<br /># http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Authentication/PasswordSchemes<br />#<br />default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT<br /># passdb query to retrieve the password. It can return fields:<br />#   password - The user's password. This field must be returned.<br />#   user - user@domain from the database. Needed with case-insensitive lookups.<br />#   username and domain - An alternative way to represent the "user" field.<br />#<br /># The "user" field is often necessary with case-insensitive lookups to avoid<br /># e.g. "name" and "nAme" logins creating two different mail directories. If<br /># your user and domain names are in separate fields, you can return "username"<br /># and "domain" fields instead of "user".<br />#<br /># The query can also return other fields which have a special meaning, see<br /># http://wiki2.dovecot.org/PasswordDatabase/ExtraFields<br />#<br /># Commonly used available substitutions (see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Variables<br /># for full list):<br />#   %u = entire user@domain<br />#   %n = user part of user@domain<br />#   %d = domain part of user@domain<br />#<br /># Note that these can be used only as input to SQL query. If the query outputs<br /># any of these substitutions, they're not touched. Otherwise it would be<br /># difficult to have eg. usernames containing '%' characters.<br />#<br /># Example:<br />#   password_query = SELECT userid AS user, pw AS password \<br />#     FROM users WHERE userid = '%u' AND active = 'Y'<br />#<br />#password_query = \<br />#  SELECT username, domain, password \<br />#  FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND domain = '%d'<br /># userdb query to retrieve the user information. It can return fields:<br />#   uid - System UID (overrides mail_uid setting)<br />#   gid - System GID (overrides mail_gid setting)<br />#   home - Home directory<br />#   mail - Mail location (overrides mail_location setting)<br />#<br /># None of these are strictly required. If you use a single UID and GID, and<br /># home or mail directory fits to a template string, you could use userdb static<br /># instead. For a list of all fields that can be returned, see<br /># http://wiki2.dovecot.org/UserDatabase/ExtraFields<br />#<br /># Examples:<br />#   user_query = SELECT home, uid, gid FROM users WHERE userid = '%u'<br />#   user_query = SELECT dir AS home, user AS uid, group AS gid FROM users where userid = '%u'<br />#   user_query = SELECT home, 501 AS uid, 501 AS gid FROM users WHERE userid = '%u'<br />#<br />#user_query = \<br />#  SELECT homedir AS home, uid, gid \<br />#  FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND domain = '%d'<br /># If you wish to avoid two SQL lookups (passdb + userdb), you can use<br /># userdb prefetch instead of userdb sql in dovecot.conf. In that case you'll<br /># also have to return userdb fields in password_query prefixed with "userdb_"<br /># string. For example:<br />password_query = \<br />  SELECT username AS user, password, \<br />    homedir AS userdb_home, uid AS userdb_uid, gid AS userdb_gid \<br />  FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'<br /># Query to get a list of all usernames.<br />iterate_query = SELECT username AS user FROM mailbox</blockquote><br />Adjust the driver, connect and default_pass_scheme variable to your situation.<br /><br />Set permissions:<br /><br />chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf<br />chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf<br />/etc/init.d/dovecot restart<br />chown vmail.vmail /var/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log<br />chown root:root /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf<br />chmod go= /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf<br />Testing / relay<br />Get a report on your domain from http://www.pingability.com/zoneinfo.jsp. This invaluable report will check a number of things. Whether your email server is an open relay; that it is listening on a public IP; that you have an MX DNS record; and more. DNSReport may warn about missing reverse DNS entries.<br /><br />Trouble shooting<br />List made changes with:<br /><br />doveconf -n<br />Postfix log:<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">tail -n100 /var/log/mail.log </blockquote></div>

[SERVER] Install Postfix 2.9.6

This tutorial shows you how to install Postfix (2.9.6) with Dovecot (2.0.19) and the manage tool Vimbadmin (2.2.2) on Ubuntu Server 12.04. P...

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[SERVER] dropbear8 licuid Ubuntu Server 10.04

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwVHwDjJJnmohkibfuxOg1_1Su3Zv4n-krARQrw0XkwrUK78eOJ4tQV-lyZSxqUFyR3oDJeyT5e8uiVd__GSdtQlOr9sdQ4m2Urm4TRZQOgjTZst07YPYvhP8qSQ5Q7L7UDda4yX7psFE/s1600/ubuntu_logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwVHwDjJJnmohkibfuxOg1_1Su3Zv4n-krARQrw0XkwrUK78eOJ4tQV-lyZSxqUFyR3oDJeyT5e8uiVd__GSdtQlOr9sdQ4m2Urm4TRZQOgjTZst07YPYvhP8qSQ5Q7L7UDda4yX7psFE/s320/ubuntu_logo.png" width="320" /></a></div><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/" style="border: 0px; color: #dd4814; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">lucid</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px;"> (</span><a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/man8" style="border: 0px; color: #dd4814; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px;">) </span><a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages.gz/lucid/man8/dropbear.8.gz" style="border: 0px; color: #dd4814; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dropbear.8.gz</a><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px;">Provided by: </span><a href="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/lucid/+package/dropbear" style="border: 0px; color: #dd4814; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dropbear_0.52-4_i386</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px;"> </span><a href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dropbear/+filebug-advanced" style="border: 0px; color: #dd4814; font-family: Ubuntu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Report a bug in the content of this documentation"><img alt="bug" border="0" src="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/img/bug.png" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">NAME</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       dropbear - lightweight SSH2 server</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">SYNOPSIS</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       dropbear [-FEmwsgjki] [-b banner] [-d dsskey] [-r rsakey] [-p port]</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">DESCRIPTION</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       dropbear  is  a  SSH 2 server designed to be small enough to be used in</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       small memory environments, while  still  being  functional  and  secure</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       enough for general use.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">OPTIONS</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -b banner</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              bannerfile.  Display the contents of the file banner before user</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              login (default: none).</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -d dsskey</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              dsskeyfile.  Use the contents of the file  dsskey  for  the  DSS</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              host  key  (default: /etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key).  Note</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              that some SSH implementations use the  term  "DSA"  rather  than</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              "DSS",  they  mean  the same thing.  This file is generated with</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              dropbearkey(8).</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -r rsakey</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              rsakeyfile.  Use the contents of the file  rsakey  for  the  rsa</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              host  key  (default: /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key).  This</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              file is generated with dropbearkey(8).</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -F     Don’t fork into background.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -E     Log to standard error rather than syslog.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -m     Don’t display the message of the day on login.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -w     Disallow root logins.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -s     Disable password logins.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -g     Disable password logins for root.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -j     Disable local port forwarding.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -k     Disable remote port forwarding.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -p [address:]port</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Listen on specified address and TCP port.  If  just  a  port  is</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              given  listen  on  all  addresses.   up  to  10 can be specified</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              (default 22 if none specified).</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -i     Service program mode.  Use this option  to  run  dropbear  under</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              TCP/IP  servers  like  inetd,  tcpsvd, or tcpserver.  In program</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              mode the -F option is implied, and -p options are ignored.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -P pidfile</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Specify a pidfile to create when running as  a  daemon.  If  not</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              specified, the default is /var/run/dropbear.pid</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -a     Allow remote hosts to connect to forwarded ports.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -W windowsize</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Specify  the  per-channel receive window buffer size. Increasing</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              this may improve network performance at the  expense  of  memory</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              use. Use -h to see the default buffer size.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -K timeout_seconds</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Ensure  that  traffic  is  transmitted  at a certain interval in</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              seconds. This is useful for working around firewalls or  routers</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              that  drop connections after a certain period of inactivity. The</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              trade-off is that  a  session  may  be  closed  if  there  is  a</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              temporary lapse of network connectivity. A setting if 0 disables</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              keepalives.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       -I idle_timeout</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Disconnect the session if no traffic is transmitted or  received</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              for idle_timeout seconds.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">FILES</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       Authorized Keys</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              ~/.ssh/authorized_keys  can be set up to allow remote login with</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              a RSA or DSS key. Each line is of the form</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       [restrictions] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIgAsp... [comment]</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              and can be extracted from  a  Dropbear  private  host  key  with</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              "dropbearkey  -y".  This  is the same format as used by OpenSSH,</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              though  the  restrictions  are  a  subset  (keys  with   unknown</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              restrictions  are  ignored).   Restrictions are comma separated,</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              with  double  quotes  around  spaces  in  arguments.   Available</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              restrictions are:</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       no-port-forwarding</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Don’t allow port forwarding for this connection</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       no-agent-forwarding</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Don’t allow agent forwarding for this connection</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       no-X11-forwarding</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Don’t allow X11 forwarding for this connection</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       no-pty Disable  PTY  allocation. Note that a user can still obtain most</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              of the same functionality with other means  even  if  no-pty  is</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              set.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       command="forced_command"</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Disregard  the  command  provided  by  the  user  and always run</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              forced_command.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              The authorized_keys file and  its  containing  ~/.ssh  directory</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              must  only  be writable by the user, otherwise Dropbear will not</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              allow a login using public key authentication.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       Host Key Files</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              Host key files are read at startup from a standard location,  by</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              default          /etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key         and</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key   or   specified   on    the</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              commandline  with  -d  or -r. These are of the form generated by</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              dropbearkey.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       Message Of The Day</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              By default the file /etc/motd will  be  printed  for  any  login</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              shell  (unless  disabled  at  compile-time).  This  can  also be</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">              disabled per-user by creating a file ~/.hushlogin .</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">AUTHOR</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       Matt Johnston (matt@ucc.asn.au).</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       Gerrit Pape (pape@smarden.org) wrote this manual page.</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">SEE ALSO</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       dropbearkey(8), dbclient(1)</span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 id="contenttoc0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Ubuntu, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px;">       <a href="http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html">http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html</a></span></span></h4></div>

[SERVER] dropbear8 licuid Ubuntu Server 10.04

lucid  ( 8 )  dropbear.8.gz Provided by:  dropbear_0.52-4_i386   NAME        dropbear - lightweight SSH2 server SYNOPSIS        dropbear [-F...

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[SERVER] Konfigurasi WebMail Server Debian

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW-vzTio1euBjvd6nfMqzSbtxWK4g-c0g-UYHXlLw4iB1a2_b_Q199CucTpleTVsAhzUqJwcrBF8mnAr687kazx2IO5Fxen12K7Yi9KWn90NvZ3MUVhy-pOwd0yg6-IZ0rRDSm4LoiJh0/s1600/webmail.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW-vzTio1euBjvd6nfMqzSbtxWK4g-c0g-UYHXlLw4iB1a2_b_Q199CucTpleTVsAhzUqJwcrBF8mnAr687kazx2IO5Fxen12K7Yi9KWn90NvZ3MUVhy-pOwd0yg6-IZ0rRDSm4LoiJh0/s320/webmail.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br />Setelah berhasil Mengkonfigurasi Web Server Selanjutnya kita akan mengkonfigurasi Webmail Server. Pada setting kali ini akan sangat memerlukan ketelitian. Silahkan ikuti langkah berikut: <br /><br />Kata2 yang bercetak tebal adalah perintah yang dijalankan pada komputer server.<br />Kata2 yang berwarna merah adalah yang harus anda ubah atau buat.<br /><br /><b>1)</b> apt-get install postfix squirrelmail courier-imap courier-pop<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq">Create directories for web-based administration : NO<br />Local only                                                         : OK<br />General type of mail configuration                      : Internet Site<br />System mail name                                              : namesite.com</blockquote></blockquote><br /><b>2)</b> pico /etc/apache2/apache2.conf<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Include the virtual host configurations:<br />Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/<br />Include /etc/squirrelmail/apache.conf</blockquote><b>3)</b> pico /etc/squirrelmail/apache.conf<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">users will prefer a simple URL like http://webmail.example.com<br /><virtualhost 1.2.3.4><br />DocumentRoot /usr/share/squirrelmail<br />ServerName webmail.example.com<br /></virtualhost><br /><virtualhost *:80><br />DocumentRoot /usr/share/squirrelmail<br />ServerName    mail.namesite.com<br /></virtualhost></blockquote><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Jangan ubah / hapus baris yang lainnya.</li></ul><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>4)</b> /etc/init.d/apache2  restart</div><blockquote class="tr_bq">Restarting web server: apache2 waiting...</blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>5)</b> Buka browser komputer client dan masukkan url mail.namesite.com </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>6)</b> maildirmake <b style="color: blue;"> /etc/skel/Maildir</b><br /><br /><b>7)</b> adduser antok<br /><br /><b>8)</b> adduser anisa<br /><br /><b>9)</b> dpkg-reconfigure postfix</div><blockquote class="tr_bq">Local only                                                                : OK<br />General type of mail configuration                              : Internet Site<br />System mail name                                                     : namesite.com<br />Root and postmaster mail recipient                            : (kosongkan)<br />Other destinations to accept mail for (blank for none) : 172.16.1.0/26 (<- tambahan baris terakhir)<br />Force synchronous updates on mail queue                 : No<br />Local networks                                                         : 172.16.1.0/26<br />Use procmail for local delivery                                  : NO<br />Mailbox size limit (bytes)                                           : 0<br />Local address extension character                             : +<br />Internet protocols to use                                            : ipv4</blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>10)</b> pico /etc/postfix/main.cf<br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq">inet_interfaces = all<br />inet_protocols  = ipv4<br />home_mailbox    = Maildir/</blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Jangan ubah / hapus baris lainnya.</li></ul><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>11)</b> /etc/init.d/postfix  restart</div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq">Stopping Postfix Mail Transport Agent  : postfix.<br />Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent    : postfix.</blockquote></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>12)</b> /etc/init.d/courier-imap  restart</div><blockquote class="tr_bq">Stopping Courier IMAP server  : imapd.<br />Starting Courier IMAP server    : imapd.</blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>13)</b> /etc/init.d/courier-pop  restart</div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq">Stopping Courier POP3 server : pop3d.<br />Starting Courier POP3 server   : pop3d.</blockquote></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><b>14)</b>  Buka Browser PC client anda. Masukkan url "http://mail.namesite.com" Setelah itu silahkan email2an Jika berhasil maka konfigurasi WebMailserver anda sukses.<br /><br /><b>Selamat Mencoba.</b></div></div>

[SERVER] Konfigurasi WebMail Server Debian

Setelah berhasil Mengkonfigurasi Web Server Selanjutnya kita akan mengkonfigurasi Webmail Server. Pada setting kali ini akan sangat memerluk...

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